Article of Economy

ONLINE SHOP 

Online shop is a form of electronic commerce which allows consumers to directly buy goods or services from a seller over the Internet using a web browser. Alternative names are: e-web-store, e-shop, e-store, Internet shop, web-shop, web-store, online store, online storefront and virtual store.

Nowadays many people prefer to shop online because of its numerous benefits. However, the practice has disadvantages as well as advantages. So, I want tell you about advantages and disadvantages online shop. Let’s started !

Advantages of Online Shop

    It makes products easy to find: Finding a product online is much easier than looking for it in the local store. In a store, you have to search for the product you want; if it’s not there, you may have to visit several locations, which is frustrating and time-consuming.

    Products are often more inexpensive: Products are often cheaper online than they are in stores. There are several reasons for this. For one, an online store doesn’t have the overhead costs of renting their location and paying for the electricity, AC, cashiers, etc. Also, sometimes a product can be much cheaper in another country than your country. In this case, it would be wise to shop online to save some money.

    It saves time and energy: You don’t have to waste your time going to stores, dealing with crowds, and standing in lines. The whole process of shopping from a local store becomes even ore time-consuming if you do not have your own car. You can solve all of these hassles by shopping online.
    Shopping online gives you access to a wider range of options: You have great freedom of choice when you shop online. The Internet provides a far wider range of products than that you would find in any local store.

    It’s easier to hunt for a great deal: You will also be able to enjoy the freedom of price flexibility. If you don’t like the price of a product from an online shop, you can switch to another to look for a cheaper price. Of course, you could also follow this procedure in a normal shop, but it would take more time and energy to do so.

    Customers are usually satisfied: Nowadays, shopping online is very reliable. Sellers are held accountable by user feedback and reviews. Even in online stores where you buy from other users, such as eBay, the percentage of satisfaction is very high. There, you will see that most of the sellers have 99%+ positive feedback.

Disadvantages of Online Shop

    There is a delay before receiving your package: The main disadvantage of online shopping is that there is no instant gratification. Because the item must be shipped to you, you will have to wait a few days. I sometimes prefer going to the store if I see that the delivery time is too long.

    You may receive an inferior product: Because you cannot hold the it and look at it in your hands, you don’t always know the quality of the product. Sometimes the description or photograph of the product might be of something slightly different. As a result, you might end up with an inferior-quality item.

    There can be delivery problems: Sometime you may face delivery risks. This means that the seller might fail to deliver the specified product or it deliver a product that has been damaged during shipping.

    It’s more difficult to return items: Returning an item is more difficult when you buy it online. If your seller accepts returns, they will usually want the item within a short period of time, and you will likely also have to pay for the shipping charges.

    There’s a danger of being scammed: As online shopping becomes more and more commonplace, the number of online scams is also increasing. This is why a buyer should always buy from trusted websites only trusted websites will take care of any fraud in order to maintain their reputations.

Because this actions are full of scammed , I want give you tips top tips on how to stay safe and secure when shopping online. Let’s check this out !

1. Stick with trusted brands that have a strong reputation

Sticking with popular brands is as good as any advice when shopping online. Not only do you know what you’re getting by way of quality and price, but you also feel more confident that these well-established names have in place robust security measures.

However, be careful, as fraudsters often create fake and professional looking websites to lure in unsuspecting victims.

2. Use credit cards and secure payment services instead of debit cards

As a general rule, credit cards, in comparison to debit cards, offer consumers additional protection when shopping online. The main advantage of the latter is that a credit card account is in no way linked to whatever funds you actually own. And that’s not all, there are other benefits too.

3. Look out for https URL and the padlock symbol

https, which was developed by Netscape, is an online safety protocol that encrypts information so that data can be kept private and protected. In most cases, the text in the URL is preceded by a padlock symbol (if this is missing, the website should be treated with caution).The ‘s’ in https incidentally, stands for secure. Websites that use https are safe because they utilise SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) to encrypt any information that is distributed online, such as your credit card details.

 4. Be wary of dodgy offers that are too good to be true

We have all come across a legitimately unbelievable offer and jumped on it with enthusiasm, glad to have been afforded the opportunity to purchase something at a fraction of its true cost

But that is rare. The old adage of “if it’s too good to be true, then it probably is” should inform how you shop online – caution is required because there are plenty of scams looking to hook you in with tempting offers. In some cases, the perpetrators are looking to simply infect your device.

 5. Opt for your mobile phone network over public Wi-Fi

Public Wi-Fi is unquestionably something we as consumers now expect. From shops to cafes to restaurants, being able to access the internet with little or no cost is in tune with our connected way of living.

However, when it comes to buying online, all the convenience that comes with public Wi-Fi can be overshadowed by the many risks that are associated with this service. You’d be surprised at how unsecure many hotspots actually are and how easy they are to attack.

There are ample solutions to resolving the vulnerabilities associated with public Wi-Fi, but, in general, when out and about, opt to use data provided by your network provider when going online.

Jawaban Soal Simple Past Tense, Present Perfect Tense and The Present Tenses

 Present Perfect vs Simple Past

1. I have seen that movie already
2. I saw that movie yesterday
3. I have read that novel by Faulkner several times before
4. I read that novel again during my last vacation
5. Mr. Foster studied at New York University last year
6. Mr. Foster has studied French in this class since  last September
7. Miss Cunningham lived in Detroit from 1940-1946
8. Miss Cunningham has lived in New York since the time
9. Our guests had a good time at the party last night
10. Our guests have had a good time ever since their arrival.
11. Dr. and Mrs. Duncan saw the Coliseum in Rome in 1948
12. Dr. Duncan has seen the Statue of Liberty hundreds of times.
13. The Browns were in Detroit twice since Christmas.
14. The Browns had been in San Fransisco the week before last
15. My wife and I have traveled by air many times in the past.
16. My wife and I traveled to Mexico by air last summer.
17. The students finally finished that exercise!
18. The students have started that exercise about three hours ago.
19. We received the boy’s telegram at 08:00 p.m. last night.
20. We have sent them a special delivery reply already.
21. Mr. and Mrs. Hans on visited Paris before the last war.
22. Mr. and Mrs. Hans on have visited Paris many times since the war.
23. We have studied almost every lesson in this book so far.
24. We studied a very hard lesson the day before yesterday.
25. I had a little trouble with my car last week.
26. However, I have had no trouble with my car since then.
27. We never have watched the television program.
28. We watched an interesting program on television last night.
29. That tell fellow worked here for the past three weeks.
30. Formerly, he had worked for the A.B.C. Company in Boston.
31. Mr. Shaw is my English teacher. He have taught here for six years.
32. He finished his Ph. D. at Yale University seven years ago.

The Present Tenses

1.              We have been studying English in this class since last September
2.              My teacher has been teaching English at this school for six years
3.              Listen! I think someone is knocking at the front door
4.              Mr.Smith pays all of his bills at the end of the month
5.              I have seen the famous Grand Canyon in Arizona several times
6.              It will be rain, usually very much in that part of the United States
7.              Mr. and Mrs. Garcia have been in New York for two months
8.              Those students have made much progress since October
9.              My friend Frank owes Fred Foster fifty-five dollars
10.           I am sorry. I forgot that fellow's name already
11.           Mr. Johnson's secretary sits at a different desk today
12.           I have no trouble with my English lessons up to now
13.           Richard is looking fordward to his vacation next June
14.           The tall girl in the front seat comes from South America
15.           Yes, we have heard that new song several times
16.           My wife and I have been living in this city for almost nine years
17.           The boys have been studying their lessons together every afternoon
18.           Thomas has been having a good time here every afternoon
19.           I heve been needing some more money for my books and tuition
20.           At present, that author has been writing a historical novel
21.           Our present teacher has lived in this city all of his life
22.           Miss Fox talked to someone on the telephone at the moment
23.           My friend Felix has been in this country for a long time
24.           Up to the present, George has done good work in this class
25.           Those four people have been here since eight o'clock
26.           Daniel Soto has worked thirty-eight hours a week
27.           We have written almost every exercise in this book up to now
28.           The weather generally gets quite hot in July and August
29.           So far, you have made no mistakes on this exercise
30.           At the moment, I have read a book about Alexander the Great
31.           Mr. Kent has had that job in Pasadena since June first

Simple Past Tense, Present Perfect Tense, Present Perfect Continous

Simple past tense

Definition of the simple past tense

The simple past tense, sometimes called the preterite, is used to talk about a completed action in a time before now. The simple past is the basic form of past tense in English. The time of the action can be in the recent past or the distant past and action duration is not important.

Examples :

• John Cabot sailed to America in 1498.
• My father died last year.
• He lived in Fiji in 1976.
• We crossed the Channel yesterday.

You always use the simple past when you say when something happened, so it is associated with certain past time expressions

• frequency: often, sometimes, always
  I sometimes walked home at lunchtime.
  I often brought my lunch to school.
• a definite point in time: last week, when I was a child, yesterday, six weeks ago
  We saw a good film last week.
  Yesterday, I arrived in Geneva.
  She finished her work atseven o'clock.
  I went to the theatre last night.
• an indefinite point in time: the other day, ages ago, a long time ago People lived in caves a long time ago.
• She played the piano when she was a child.

Note: the word ago is a useful way of expressing the distance into the past. It is placed after the period of time: a week ago, three years ago, a minute ago.

Be Careful: The simple past in English may look like a tense in your own language, but the meaning may be different.

Forming the Simple Past Tense

Patterns of simple past tense for regular verbs

Affirmative
Subject	+ verb + ed
I	skipped.
Negative
Subject	+ did not	+ infinitive without to
They	didn't	go.
Interrogative
Did	+ subject	+ infinitive without to
Did	she	arrive?
Interrogative negative
Did not	+ subject	+ infinitive without to
Didn't	you	play?

To Walk

Affirmative	Negative	Interrogative
I walked	I didn't walk	Did I walk?
You walked	You didn't walk	Did you walk?
He walked	He didn't walk	Did he walk?
We walked	We didn't walk	Did we walk?
They walked	They didn't walk	Did they walk?

Simple past tense of to be, to have, to do

Subject	Verb
	Be	Have	Do
I	was	had	did
You	were	had	did
He/She/It	was	had	did
We	were	had	did
You	were	had	did
They	were	had	did

Notes on affirmative, negative, & interrogative forms

Affirmative

The affirmative of the simple past tense is simple.

• I was in Japan last year
• She had a headache yesterday.
• We did our homework last night.

Negative and interrogative

For the negative and interrogative simple past form of "do" as an ordinary verb, use the auxiliary "do", e.g. We didn't do our homework last night.
The negative of "have" in the simple past is usually formed using the auxiliary "do", but sometimes by simply adding not or the contraction "n't".

The interrogative form of "have" in the simple past normally uses the auxiliary "do".

Examples:

• They weren't in Rio last summer.
• We didn't have any money.
• We didn't have time to visit the Eiffel Tower.
• We didn't do our exercises this morning.
• Were they in Iceland last January?
• Did you have a bicycle when you were young?
• Did you do much climbing in Switzerland?

Note: For the negative and interrogative form of all verbs in the simple past, always use the auxiliary 'did''.

Simple past, irregular verbs

Some verbs are irregular in the simple past. Here are the most common ones.

to go

• He went to a club last night.
• Did he go to the cinema last night?
• He didn't go to bed early last night.

to give

• We gave her a doll for her birthday.
• They didn't give John their new address.
• Did Barry give you my passport?

to come

• My parents came to visit me last July.
• We didn't come because it was raining.
• Did he come to your party last week?

Present Perfect Tense

Definition of the present perfect tense

The present perfect is used to indicate a link between the present and the past. The time of the action is before now but not specified, and we are often more interested in the result than in the action itself.

BE CAREFUL! There may be a verb tense in your language with a similar form, but the meaning is probably NOT the same.

The Present Perfect is used to describe

• An action or situation that started in the past and continues in the present. I have lived in Bristol since 1984 (= and I still do.)
• An action performed during a period that has not yet finished. She has been to the cinema twice this week (= and the week isn't over yet.)
• A repeated action in an unspecified period between the past and now. We have visited Portugal several times.
• An action that was completed in the very recent past, expressed by 'just'. I have just finished my work.
• An action when the time is not important. He has read 'War and Peace'. (= the result of his reading is important)

Note: When we want to give or ask details about when, where, who, we use the simple past. Read more about choosing between the present perfect and the simple past tenses

Actions started in the past and continuing in the present

• They haven't lived here for years.
• She has worked in the bank for five years.
• We have had the same car for ten years.
• Have you played the piano since you were a child?

When the time period referred to has not finished

• I have worked hard this week.
• It has rained a lot this year.
• We haven't seen her today.

Actions repeated in an unspecified period between the past and now.

• They have seen that film six times
• It has happened several times already.
• She has visited them frequently.
• We have eaten at that restaurant many times.

Actions completed in the very recent past (+just)

• Have you just finished work?
• I have just eaten.
• We have just seen her.
• Has he just left?

When the precise time of the action is not important or not known

• Someone has eaten my soup!
• Have you seen 'Gone with the Wind'?
• She's studied Japanese, Russian, and English.

Read more about using the present perfect with the words "ever", "never", "already", and "yet", and about using the present perfect with the words "for" and "since"

Forming the Present Perfect

The present perfect of any verb is composed of two elements : the appropriate form of the auxiliary verb to have (present tense), plus the past participle of the main verb. The past participle of a regular verb is base+ed, e.g. played, arrived, looked. For irregular verbs, see the Table of irregular verbs in the section called 'Verbs'.

Affirmative
Subject	to have	past participle
She	has	visited.
Negative
Subject	to have + not	past participle
She	has not (hasn't)	visited.
Interrogative
to have	subject	past participle
Has	she	visited?
Negative interrogative
to have + not	subject	past participle
Hasn't	she	visited?

To Walk, present perfect

Affirmative	Negative	Interrogative
I have walked	I haven't walked	Have I walked?
You have walked	You haven't walked.	Have you walked?
He, she, it has walked	He, she, hasn't walked	Has he, she, it walked?
We have walked	We haven't walked	Have we walked?
You have walked	You haven't walked	Have you walked?
They have walked	They haven't walked	Have they walked?

 

Present Perfect Continuous

Definition of Present Perfect Continous

The present perfect continuous is used to refer to an unspecified time between 'before now' and 'now'. The speaker is thinking about something that started but perhaps did not finish in that period of time. He/she is interested in the process as well as the result, and this process may still be going on, or may have just finished.

Actions that started in the past and continue in the present

She has been waiting for you all day (= and she's still waiting now).
I've been working on this report since eight o'clock this morning (= and I still haven't finished it).
They have been travelling since last October (= and they're not home yet).

Actions that have just finished, but we are interested in the results

She has been cooking since last night (= and the food on the table looks delicious).
It's been raining (= and the streets are still wet).
Someone's been eating my chips (= half of them have gone).

Forming the Present Perfect Continuous

The present perfect continuous is made up of two elements: the present perfect of the verb 'to be' (have/has been), and the present participle of the main verb (base+ing)

Subject	has/have been	base+ing
She	has been	swimming

 Affirmative: She has been / She's been running.
Negative: She hasn't been running.
Interrogative : Has she been running?
Interrogative negative: Hasn't she been running?

Example: present perfect continuous, TO LIVE

Affirmative	Negative	Interrogative
I have been living	I haven't been living	Have I been living?
You have been living	You haven't been living	Have you been living?
He, she, it has been living	He hasn't been living	Has she been living?
We have been living	We haven't been living	Have we been living?
You have been living	You haven't been living	Have you been living?
They have been living	They haven't been living	Have they been living?

Verbs without continuous forms

With verbs not normally used in the continuous form, use the simple present perfect instead (verbs such as: know, hate, hear, understand, want).
I've wanted to visit China for years.
She's known Robert since she was a child.
I've hated that music since I first heard it.
I've heard a lot about you recently.
We've understood everything.