Guardians Of The Galaxy Vol.2

GUARDIANS OF THE GALAXY VOL. 2



TOMATOMETER
81%
Average Rating: 7.1/10
Reviews Counted: 295
Fresh: 240
Rotten: 55

AUDIENCE SCORE
90%
liked it

Average Rating: 4.2/5
User Ratings: 85,360


MOVIE INFO

Set to the all-new sonic backdrop of Awesome Mixtape #2, Marvel Studios' "Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2" continues the team's adventures as they traverse the outer reaches of the cosmos. The Guardians must fight to keep their newfound family together as they unravel the mystery of Peter Quill's true parentage. Old foes become new allies and fan-favorite characters from the classic comics will come to our heroes' aid as the Marvel Cinematic Universe continues to expand.
• Rating:
PG-13 (for sequences of sci-fi action and violence, language, and brief suggestive content)
• Genre:
Action & Adventure, Comedy, Science Fiction & Fantasy
• Directed By:
James Gunn (II)
• Written By:
James Gunn (II)
• In Theaters:
May 5, 2017  Wide
• Box Office:
$102,848,141
• Runtime:
137 minutes
• Studio:
Walt Disney Pictures

Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 is a 2017 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics superhero team Guardians of the Galaxy, produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. It is the sequel to 2014's Guardians of the Galaxy and the fifteenth film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe. The film is written and directed by James Gunn and stars an ensemble cast featuring Chris Pratt, Zoe Saldana, Dave Bautista, Vin Diesel, Bradley Cooper, Michael Rooker, Karen Gillan, Pom Klementieff, Elizabeth Debicki, Chris Sullivan, Sean Gunn, Sylvester Stallone, and Kurt Russell. In Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2, the Guardians travel throughout the cosmos as they help Peter Quill learn more about his mysterious parentage.
The film was officially announced at the 2014 San Diego Comic-Con International before the theatrical release of the first film, along with Gunn's return from the first film, with the title of the sequel revealed a year later in June 2015. The film began principal photography in February 2016 at Pinewood Atlanta Studios in Fayette County, Georgia, with many crew changes from the first film due to other commitments. Filming concluded in June 2016. Gunn chose to set the sequel shortly after the first film to explore the characters' new roles as the Guardians, and to follow the storyline of Quill's father established throughout the first film—Russell was confirmed in that role in July 2016, portraying Ego, a departure from Quill's comic father.
Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 premiered in Tokyo on April 10, 2017 and was released in the United States on May 5, 2017, in 3D and IMAX 3D. It has grossed over $818 million worldwide, making it the third highest-grossing film of 2017, while also outgrossing its predecessor. The film was praised by critics for its humor, soundtrack and cast, but was deemed not as "fresh" as the original. A sequel, Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 3, is being developed, with Gunn returning to write and direct.

Plot
In 2014, Peter Quill, Gamora, Drax, Rocket, and Baby Groot are renowned as the Guardians of the Galaxy. Ayesha, leader of the Sovereign race, has the Guardians protect valuable batteries from an inter-dimensional monster in exchange for Gamora's estranged sister Nebula, who was caught attempting to steal the batteries. After Rocket steals some for himself, the Sovereign attacks the Guardians ship with a fleet of drones. The drones are destroyed by a mysterious figure, but the Guardians crash-land on a nearby planet. The figure reveals himself as Quill's father, Ego. He invites Quill, Gamora, and Drax to his home planet, while Rocket and Groot remain behind to repair the ship and guard Nebula.
Ayesha hires Yondu Udonta and his crew, who have been exiled from the greater Ravager community for child trafficking, to recapture the Guardians. They capture Rocket, but when Yondu hesitates to turn over Quill, whom he raised, his lieutenant Taserface leads a mutiny with help from Nebula.
Taserface imprisons Rocket and Yondu aboard Yondu's ship and executes his loyalists while Nebula leaves to track down and kill Gamora, whom she blames for all the torture inflicted on her by their father, Thanos. While imprisoned, Rocket and Yondu bond. Groot and Yondu's loyalist Kraglin free Rocket and Yondu, and they destroy the ship and its crew as they escape, though not before Taserface warns the Sovereign.
Ego, a god-like Celestial that manipulated the matter around its consciousness to form his "home" planet, explains that he projected a humanoid guise to travel the universe and discover a purpose, eventually falling in love with Quill's mother Meredith. Ego hired Yondu to collect the young Quill after Meredith's death, but the boy was never delivered and Ego has been searching for his son ever since. He teaches Quill to manipulate their Celestial power. Nebula arrives at Ego's planet and tries to kill Gamora, but the pair reach an uneasy alliance when they discover caverns filled with skeletal remains. Ego reveals to Quill that in his travels he planted seedlings on thousands of worlds which can terraform them into new extensions of himself, but they can only be activated by the combined power of two Celestials. To that end, he impregnated countless women and hired Yondu to collect the children, but killed them all when they failed to access the Celestial power. Under the influence of Ego's power, Quill helps him activate the seedlings, which begin to consume every world. However, Quill fights back when Ego reveals that he caused Meredith's death due to the distraction she posed.
Mantis, Ego's naive empath servant, grows close to Drax and warns him of Ego's plan. Gamora and Nebula also learn of the plan just as Rocket, Yondu, Groot and Kraglin arrive. The reunited Guardians reach Ego's brain at the planet's core, and fight the Sovereign's arriving drones. Rocket makes a bomb using the stolen batteries, which Groot plants on Ego's brain. Quill battles Ego with his newfound Celestial powers in order to distract him enough to allow the other Guardians and Mantis to escape. The bomb explodes, killing Ego and disintegrating the planet. Yondu sacrifices himself to save Quill, who realizes that the reason Yondu kept him was to spare him from the fate of Ego's other progeny, and that Yondu was Quill's true "daddy". Having reconciled with Gamora, Nebula still chooses to leave and attempt to kill Thanos. The Guardians hold a funeral for Yondu, which is attended by dozens of Ravager ships, acknowledging Yondu's sacrifice and accepting him again as a Ravager.
In a series of mid- and post-credit scenes, Kraglin takes up Yondu's telekinetic arrow and control-fin; Ravager leader Stakar Ogord reunites with his ex-teammates; Groot starts growing back to normal size, exhibiting typical teenage behavior in the process; Ayesha creates a new artificial being with whom she plans to destroy the Guardians, naming him Adam; and a group of uninterested Watchers listen to their informant discussing several experiences on Earth.
Cast

(L:R) Rooker, Pratt, Saldana, Gillan, Klementieff, Bautista, Debicki, and Russell promoting the film at the 2016 San Diego Comic Con International
• Chris Pratt as Peter Quill / Star-Lord:
The half-human, half-Celestial leader of the Guardians of the Galaxy who was abducted from Earth as a child and raised by a group of alien thieves and smugglers called the Ravagers. Pratt said Quill is now famous throughout "the galaxy for having saved so many people... He feels like he's part of this group, a leader of this group. He's a little more responsible and trying to stay out of trouble, but not necessarily doing the best job." Pratt stated that working on the film forced him to come to terms with the death of his own father. Pratt returns as part of a multi-film contract with Marvel. Wyatt Oleff once again portrays a young Quill.
• Zoe Saldana as Gamora:
A member of the Guardians and an orphan from an alien world who seeks redemption for her past crimes. She was trained by Thanos to be his personal assassin.[5] Saldana described Gamora's role in the team as "the voice of reason", saying, "She's surrounded by all these dudes who are so stupid half the time,"[10] and added that she is the "Mom" of the team, saying that she is "just a meticulous, detailed, professional individual." Regarding Gamora's relationship with Nebula, Saldana described it as "volatile" and added, "we're starting somewhere very crazy but appropriate given where we had ended things off in the first" film.
• Dave Bautista as Drax the Destroyer:
A member of the Guardians and highly skilled warrior in search for vengeance against Thanos for his family's slaughter. Bautista opted to wait for the final version of the script to be surprised by the story and not take "away from the magic" or "put a damper on it", which he felt happened when he read early drafts of the script for the first film. Describing how Drax has progressed from the first film, Bautista called him "more funny, driven" and having "a sense of innocence and heartbreak about him", despite "most people's first perception of Drax [that] he's just a big, muscly brute, and he's just going to go in and be an all-action character. "Bautista's makeup took only 90 minutes to apply, down from four hours for the first film. He added that he would have to sit in a sauna at the end of the day to get the makeup off, after his makeup test found it too "abrasive".
• Vin Diesel as Baby Groot:
A member of the Guardians who is a tree-like humanoid and the accomplice of Rocket. The character began growing from a sapling at the end of the first film with the intention of being fully grown by the sequel, but writer/director James Gunn eventually decided to keep him as "Baby Groot"; this decision contributed to Gunn's setting of the film only a few months after the first. Baby Groot does not have any of his previous memories. Gunn felt there was a larger awareness of the character during filming compared to the first film, for which Gunn and the cast "just kind of always forgot he was there," with the stand-in actor not having the same presence that Sean Gunn did portraying Rocket. Diesel added that Baby Groot "couldn't be more naive" and felt the Groot seen in the first film was "a college level Groot. He's not fully grown yet, but he's a man... now he has to start all over, so to speak. So we're going to see this goofy, adorable, baby Groot thing running around the screen. Just kinda learning as he goes." Prop master Russell Bobbitt created a 1:1 scale model of the 10-inch (25 cm) Baby Groot for filming, to use "as a lighting reference and sometimes puppeteered against the actors during the filming of scenes." As Groot only communicates with the phrase "I am Groot" in different inflections, Gunn created a "Groot Version" of the script for himself and Diesel, which contains each of Groot's lines in English. Diesel used a higher register of his voice for Baby Groot, which was then pitched up by seven to nine semitones depending on the take, to achieve "the proper nuance". He also delivered the lines slowly to avoid any time stretching issues that would affect the compression. Diesel recorded Groot's voice for sixteen foreign-language releases of the film, up from six in the first film.
• Bradley Cooper as Rocket:
A member of the Guardians who is a genetically modified raccoon bounty hunter and mercenary, who is also a master of weapons and military tactics. Sean Gunn once again served as the stand-in for the character during filming, stating that, similar to the first film, "Rocket has the same sort of crisis of faith about whether or not he belongs in this family." James Gunn added, "this is really about Rocket coming to terms with accepting his place within a group of people, which probably seemed like a good idea for two seconds when they were kind of getting along and saving the planet, and now's it's like, he's just not very comfortable with the idea with being a part of this group.
"Feige stated that the relationship between Rocket and Groot has changed, saying, "Whereas Groot was Rocket's protector in the first movie, Rocket is Groot's protector."
• Michael Rooker as Yondu Udonta:
A blue-skinned buccaneer who is the leader of the Ravagers, a fatherly figure to Quill, and member of the Guardians. Yondu has a larger head fin in the film, bringing the character's look closer to his comic counterpart. Rooker also worked with the prosthetic department to add gaps to his prosthetic teeth, "just like real teeth have gaps in them so the air can escape", to aid him in whistling as the character.[29] Rooker explained that, for the sequel, Gunn "wanted people to experience more in-depth what Yondu was thinking and how he's feeling—a more serious Yondu. There are things from Yondu's past that audiences find are much darker and more sinister; those feelings and emotions are rearing their heads and affecting Yondu." Rooker noted the complex relationship between Yondu and Quill where "It's somewhat of a father/son relationship, where we don't agree on things...they are constantly at each other's throats [but] Yondu truly cares about this kid." Discussing Yondu's death at the end of the film, Gunn said he "didn't want that to be the ending, and I kind of refused to put that in as the ending for a long time...But, at the end of the day, I knew that's where it needed to go. I knew that we need to have real stakes in these movies." He continued, "The whole movie led to that one moment.... This is a story about a father's love for his son, his ultimate love, so much love that he sacrifices himself for that, and that's what Yondu is. He is 100 percent Peter Quill's father" despite Ego being Quill's biological father.[31]Before the release of Vol. 2, Rooker spent time on the set of Avengers: Infinity War. Gunn explained that this was done to counteract rumors that the actor was not in that film because of his death in this one.
• Karen Gillan as Nebula:
An adopted daughter of Thanos who was raised with Gamora as siblings, and a reluctant member of the Guardians. Gillan stated the film would further explore the sisterly relationship between Nebula and Gamora, including their backstory "and what happened to these two girls growing up and actually how awful it was for them and how it's ruined their relationship", adding "we're [also] going to start to see how much pain [Thanos] actually caused [Nebula]... we really start to see the emotional crack in her character". While Gillan had to shave her head for the first film, she only had to shave half of her head for the sequel, taking away the underneath part and leaving the top. Gillan's makeup took two and a half hours to apply, down from five hours for the first film.

• Pom Klementieff as Mantis:
A member of the Guardians with empathic powers who lives with Ego. Executive producer Jonathan Schwartz said the character "has never really experienced social interaction", and "learns about dealing with people" and "social intricacies" from the other Guardians. Klementieff added, "She was really lonely and by herself, so it's a completely new thing to meet these people and to discover new things and new emotions and a new way of sharing things...I think it's like a kid, you know? You discover things and you're curious about things and you make mistakes and you say, like, weird things or you're awkward." Mantis and Drax also have an "interesting" relationship according to Feige, since "they're both complete odd balls". Steve Englehart, Mantis's co-creator, was disappointed with the character's portrayal, saying, "That character has nothing to do with Mantis ... I really don’t know why you would take a character who is as distinctive as Mantis is and do a completely different character and still call her Mantis."
• Elizabeth Debicki as Ayesha:
The golden High Priestess and the leader of the Sovereign people, a genetically engineered race who are "gold and perfect and wanting to be physically and mentally impeccable." Gunn was "very specific" when writing the character, and after casting director Sarah Finn suggested Debicki, Gunn "knew right away that she was the one". Gunn highlighted the actress's beauty and 6 ft 3 in (1.91 m) height. Debicki wore platform shoes to increase her height to 6 ft 7 in (2.01 m).
• Chris Sullivan as Taserface:
The leader of a mutinous group of the Ravagers. Gunn originally posted a photo of the comic book character on his social media after landing Guardians of the Galaxy, calling him "the dumbest character of all time" and saying he would never feature the character in a film. After eventually deciding to use the character in the sequel, Gunn felt the character had given himself the name Taserface and is "a real dumbass". Sullivan's makeup took two-and-a-half to three-and-a-half hours to apply each day.
• Sean Gunn as Kraglin:
Yondu's second-in-command in the Ravagers. Kraglin has an expanded role compared to the previous film—Sean Gunn explained, "In the first film he did a lot of just saying yes and being at Yondu's side, but in this movie things take a little bit of a different turn as Kraglin has a little bit of a crisis of conscience and has to decide whether he's going to stick with Yondu or join forces with the growing faction of mutineers."
• Sylvester Stallone as Stakar Ogord:
A high-ranking Ravager who has a history with Yondu. Stallone called his character's relationship with Yondu "pretty intense and it's kind of a father/son type of thing".Gunn described Stakar as "very important to the Marvel Universe", and said that though he was unsure whether Stallone would appear in Vol. 3 at the time of Vol. 2's release, "it's our plan to see more of Stallone" in future MCU films.
• Kurt Russell as Ego:
An ancient Celestial who is Quill's father. Pratt was the first to suggest to Gunn that he consider Russell for the role; he portrays an avatar of Ego who is more traditionally seen in the comics in his "Living Planet" form. Russell appreciated why he was wanted for the role after seeing Pratt's performance in the first film, feeling "That's my kinda guy. I know where that kind of goof comes from." He added, "I bring the right things [from previous roles]...I connected the dots from some of the things I've done in the past." Ego replaces Quill's original comic father of J'son, and was allowed to be used in the film after 20th Century Fox reached a deal with Marvel Studios to return the film rights of Ego for changing the power set of Negasonic Teenage Warhead, whom Fox wanted to use in Deadpool (2016). Gunn originally thought Marvel held the rights to the character, and stated that, had the deal with Fox not been made, there was "no back up plan, and it would [have been] nearly impossible to just drop another character in," given the extensive work done surrounding the character. For the film's opening sequence, set in 1980 Missouri, Aaron Schwartz served as facial reference for the young Ego.

Additionally, reprising their roles from the first film are Laura Haddock as Meredith Quill, Gregg Henry as her father, Seth Green as the voice of Howard the Duck, and canine actor Fred as Cosmo. Members of Yondu's Ravager crew appearing in the film include Evan Jones as Wrench, Jimmy Urine as Half-Nut, Stephen Blackehart as Brahl, Steve Agee as Gef, Mike Escamilla as Scrote, Joe Fria as Oblo, Terence Rosemore as Narblik, and Tommy Flanagan as Tullk, as well as Charred Walls of the Damned drummer and Howard Stern Show personality Richard Christy in a cameo appearance. Many of these actors are close friends with Gunn. The other members of Stakar and Yondu's old team, based on the comic's original incarnation of the Guardians of the Galaxy, include Michael Rosenbaum as Martinex, Ving Rhames as Charlie-27, and Michelle Yeoh as Stakar's female counterpart Aleta Ogord. Also included in the team are the CG characters Krugarr and Mainframe, with the latter voiced, in an uncredited cameo, by Miley Cyrus. Rosenbaum had previously auditioned to play Peter Quill in Vol. 1.
Gunn cast Yeoh because of his love of 1990s Hong Kong films, and Cyrus after admiring "the tone of her voice" while watching her as a judge on The Voice. He added that the team would return in future MCU films alongside Stallone's Stakar.
Stan Lee appears as an informant to the Watchers, discussing previous adventures that include Lee's cameos in other MCU films; he specifically mentions his time as a FedEx delivery man, referring to Lee's cameo in Captain America: Civil War. This acknowledged the fan theory that Lee may be portraying the same character in all his cameos, with Gunn noting that "people thought Stan Lee is [Uatu the Watcher] and that all of these cameos are part of him being a Watcher. So, Stan Lee as a guy who is working for the Watchers was something that I thought was fun for the MCU." Feige added that Lee "clearly exists, you know, above and apart from the reality of all the films. So the notion that he could be sitting there on a cosmic pit stop during the jump gate sequence in Guardians...really says, so wait a minute, he's this same character who's popped up in all these films?" Lee filmed several different versions of the scene, including an alternative where he references his role in Deadpool, which would have been the first acknowledgment of the X-Men film series by an MCU film. Gunn later admitted that the Civil War reference is a continuity error, given Vol. 2 is set before the events of Civil War, saying, "I screwed up; I wasn't thinking. But I'm going to say that probably Stan Lee used the guise of a Fed Ex guy more than one time."
David Hasselhoff makes a cameo appearance as himself, when Ego shape-shifts to his likeness, while Rob Zombie once again has a Ravager voice cameo. Footage of Jeff Goldblum dancing as the Grandmaster from the set of Thor: Ragnarok appears briefly during the end credits, with Feige explaining that Marvel "thought it would be fun to put it in there" and hint at the connection between that character and the Collector, who appeared in the first film. Jim Gunn Sr. and Leota Gunn, parents of James and Sean Gunn, also make cameo appearances in the film.

Reception
As of June 5, 2017, Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 has grossed $356.7 million in the United States and Canada and $461.9 million in other countries for a worldwide total of $818.6 million. By Memorial Day weekend, the film had grossed $783.3 million worldwide, which surpassed the lifetime gross of the first film ($773 million). A week later, it had became the fifth-highest grossing MCU film.
Since tickets went on sale on April 24, 2017, the film was the number one seller on Fandango, and surpassed the advanced sales of Avengers: Age of Ultron in the similar time frame. Additionally, over 80% of sales on MovieTickets.com were for the film ahead of its release. Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 earned $146.5 million in its opening weekend, with IMAX contributing $13 million.
The $17 million that came from Thursday night previews was the highest preview amount of 2017. The film had been projected to earn upwards of $160 million in its opening weekend, with Deadline.com noting in April 2017 that the film had the potential to reach the $179 million debut of Captain America: Civil War. The film remained at number one in its second weekend, and fell to second in its third, narrowly coming in behind Alien: Covenant. Vol. 2 remained at number two in its fourth weekend, this time behind Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales, having earned $337.6 million to date, surpassing the domestic gross of the first film. By its fifth weekend, the film fell to fourth.
Outside of the United States and Canada, Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 earned $106 million in its first weekend from 37 markets, becoming the top film in all markets except Portugal, Turkey and Vietnam. IMAX contributed $5 million to the opening weekend gross. The film also outperformed the first film's opening weekend in all markets except Belgium. In its second weekend, it opened as the top film in South Korea, China, and Russia. It was the highest opening for an MCU film in Austria, the second-highest MCU opening in Australia ($11.8 million), the Netherlands ($500,000), Germany ($9.3 million), and the United Kingdom ($16.9 million), and was the third-highest in New Zealand ($400,000), Italy ($1.4 million), and Russia ($11.6 million). The New Zealand and Netherlands openings were also the highest of 2017 for the countries, while Germany and the United Kingdom's were the second-highest for 2017. South Korea had the biggest opening day of 2017 ($3.3 million), the biggest May opening day, the third-highest opening day for a MCU film, and the second best opening weekend of 2017 ($13.3 million). The opening weekend gross surpassed the entire earnings from the first film in the country. Ukraine had the second largest opening ever, while in Puerto Rico, the film was the largest IMAX opening. By its third weekend, multiple markets saw their gross for Vol. 2 surpass the total gross from the first film,[184] followed a week later with China joining them. Its fifth weekend saw Vol. 2's gross in other markets ($451.1 million) surpass the international gross of the first film ($440 million). As of June 4, 2017, the film's largest markets were China ($99.3 million), the United Kingdom ($51.3 million), and Germany ($28 million).

Critical response

On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 81% based on 295 reviews, with an average rating of 7.1/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2's action-packed plot, dazzling visuals, and irreverent humor add up to a sequel that's almost as fun—if not quite as thrillingly fresh—as its predecessor."[186] On Metacritic, the film has a score of 67 out of 100, based on 47 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[187] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale.[151]
Owen Gleiberman of Variety praised the film as "an extravagant and witty follow-up, made with the same friendly virtuosic dazzle...and just obligatory enough to be too much of a good thing." He cautioned that "this time you can sense just how hard [Gunn] is working to entertain you. Maybe a little too hard." Mike Ryan at Uproxx praised the continued sense of humor and tone from the first film and appreciated Gunn's difference in overall structure from the first film (which he compared to The Empire Strikes Back). Ryan was positive of the whole cast, and particularly Rooker in his expanded role as "the heart" of the film. Writing for Rolling Stone, Peter Travers called the film a "blast" and gave it three stars out of four, praising the film for its tone and fun, soundtrack, and characters. He did note that "Vol. 2 can't match the sneak-attack surprise of its predecessor...[but] the followup, while taking on some CGI bloat and sequel slickness, hasn't lost its love for inspired lunacy. Chicago Sun-Times's Richard Roeper also gave the film three stars, writing, "Like many a sequel to a slam-bang, much-liked mega-hit, Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 isn't quite as much fun, not quite as clever, not quite as fresh as the original—but it still packs a bright and shiny and sweet punch." Roeper continued that "even with all the silliness and all the snarkiness, the Guardians can put a lump in your throat when someone suffers a serious setback", and particularly praised the cast, especially Rooker with "one of the best roles in the movie".
At The Hollywood Reporter, Todd McCarthy said "Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 plays like a second ride on a roller-coaster that was a real kick the first time around but feels very been-there/done-that now." Mara Reinstein of Us Weekly gave the film two-and-a-half stars out of four, stating, "not to say excited audiences desperate for escapism won't lap up the film's inherent joyfulness", but "Gunn has doubled down on all his once-nifty novelties. Strip them away and what remains is a bloated semi-mess." Kenneth Turan of the Los Angeles Times was positive of the film's soundtrack and cast, especially Russell, but felt that Gunn was trying too hard to re-capture the magic of the first film, and that the increased scope of effects and action becomes weary. Turan concluded, "Though there are enough reminders of the first Guardians to make the sequel an acceptable experience, it's ended up less like itself and more like a standard Marvel production." Manohla Dargis at The New York Times said the film "certainly has its attractions, but most of them are visual rather than narrative." Dargis also felt that Gunn was trying too hard to "fall into the audience's embrace", and found many elements of the sequel to be too serious in relation to the first film, though she thought Russell helped balance this by bringing a much-needed "unforced looseness" as Ego.

Jawaban Soal

Exercise 18 : Affirmative Agreement

1.      Rose likes to fly, and her brother does too.

2.      They will leave at noon, and i will too.

3.      He has an early appointment, and so have I.

4.      She has already written her composition, and so haveher friends.

5.      Their plane is arriving at nine o’clock, and so is mine.

6.      I should go grocery shopping this afternoon, and so should my neightbor.

7.      We like to swim in the pool, and the pool, and they does too.

8.      Our Spanish teacher loves to travel, and so are we.

9.      He has lived in Mexico for five years , and you have too.

10.  I must write them a letter, and she must too.

Exercise 19 : Negative Agreement 

1.      The children shouldn’t take that medicine, and neither should she.

2.      We don’t plan to attend the concert, and neither should she.

3.      I don’t like tennis, and he doesn’t either.

4.      She didn’t see anyone she knew, and neither did Tim.

5.      The Yankees couldn’t play due to the bad weather, and neither could the Angels.

6.      Marry can’t type well, and her sister can’t either.

7.      I’m not interested in reading that book, and neither is she.

8.      They won’t have to work on weekends, and we won’t either.

9.      I can’t stand listening to that music, and she can’t either.

10.  Michael doesn’t speak english, and his family doesn’t either.

Exercise 20 : Negative Agreement

1.      That scientist isn’t too happy with the project, and neither is her supervisors.

2.      We can’t study in the library, and they can’t either.

3.      I haven’t worked there long, and neither have you.

4.      You didn’t pay the rent, and she didn’t either.

5.      They didn’t want anything to drink and neither did we.

6.      John shouldn’t run so fast, and neither should you.

7.      The student won’t accept the dean’s decision, and the faculty won’t either.

8.      You class hasn’t begun yet, and neither has mine.

9.      She couldn’t attend the lecture, and her sister couldn’t either.

10.  He didn’t know the answer, and neither did I.

Word Order (3)

1.      We don’t eat our lunch at the school cafetaria every day

2.      How long those fellows will remain in Washington, D. C

3.      The two man asked a question about this rule an official

4.      A writer whose name was Prus lived in poland at the time

5.      It’s wonderful to see the flowers come to life in the spring

6.      The purse with the handle and the coat with the red collar are mine

7.      Please tell me, why you american don’t enjoy this fine sport

8.      Only in the winter that bird lives in this part of the country

9.      They send a bracelet to their daughter for her birthday

10.  My wife seldom watches television during the afternoon

11.  Paris is a very good place to work for most artists

12.  Yesterday the postman delivered those letters to Mr. Fox

13.  The two man drive the car to the country last weekend

14.  The shape is very interesting of the glass bowl on the table

15.  Today is it cold enongh for a heavy winter overcoat

16.  The whole idea was something new and unsual to me

17.  Mr. Anderson’s is next to ours the large red house

18.  New manager said were finished more than 50 in two days

19.  The man moved the two suitcases closer to this wife

20.  So far how many student have taken the examinations

Article of Economy

Article of economy

INFLATION – CAUSES AND EFFECTS

Older people often talk about how cheap things were when they were young. A brand new car may have cost only $5,000 compared to $20,000 today, or petrol that cost only a few cents in the 60s costs over a dollar today. Inflation happens when money loses some of its value. We measure the rise of inflation in percent. For example, 2% inflation means that a $1 bottle of milk will cost $1.02 next year.

Causes of Inflation

Inflation has many causes. In times when the economy is good and people have enough money they want to buy more products than factories can produce, so the prices go up.

Inflation can also happen when worker’s demand more money or when the raw materials that producers need rise in price. The end product becomes more expensive and has to be sold at a higher price.

Some economists say that central banks do not do enough to control how much money there is in a country. There may be more money around than there are goods. Consumers want to buy more products, the demand gets higher and prices go up. Sometimes low interest rates on loans make people borrow money to buy houses or cars. These prices go up as well.

Inflation is not produced by one country alone. Sometimes a country cannot control the prices of certain goods as it would like to. A country that does not have any energy supplies of its own has to import energy. It has to pay a high price for oil and gas.

Inflation in the past happened in times of crisis, war or conflict. Governments printed too much money and didn’t have the goods that people could buy. This happened in the final years of World War II. By the end of the war the German currency was not even worth the paper on which it was printed.

Effects of inflation

Inflation is a sign that the economy is growing. It is normal when prices go up only a few percent every year. High inflation, on the other hand, leads to uncertainty in the population.

Industries may not want to borrow money and invest when inflation is high. People don’t want to buy goods any more. Factories may get stuck with products they cannot sell and as a result workers get unemployed.

It is very difficult to fight inflation. Banks can control interest rates and make it difficult for people to get loans and have more money. Governments have an effect on inflation when they raise or lower taxes. They can also try to control wages and prices as far as possible.

Article of Economy

How to reduce the risk of outliving your money

So you've been saving diligently for your Golden Years and are nearing the day you'll join the ranks of retirees. The question is, How do you make sure that hard-earned pot of money lasts?

The answer isn't simple. With the possibility of living another 25 or 30 years after retiring, ensuring you don't outlive your nest egg requires a lot of self-introspection and number-crunching.

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"Create a realistic picture of where you are and where you expect to be when you step out of work, and make a [retirement] plan that reflects that," said certified financial planner Peter Creedon, chief executive of Crystal Brook Advisors. "If you have a plan, you have a much better chance of succeeding."

For a couple of decades, the industry rule of thumb has been that a 4 percent annual withdrawal rate, adjusted yearly for inflation, provides the best chance of not outliving your savings.

While some experts question whether 4 percent should remain the standard, T. Rowe Price recently released research confirming it remains a reasonable withdrawal rate.

The study examined returns in a diversified portfolio of 60 percent stocks and 40 percent bonds over rolling 30-year periods starting in 1926. The results showed that an initial 4 percent withdrawal rate, adjusted for inflation, could be sustained for 30 years with a 90 percent chance of not outliving your savings.

Financial advisors say that, whether 4 percent should be an assumed safe withdrawal rate or not, a person's individual circumstances dictate how much they can afford to take out each year.

For some, that could be 1 percent or 2 percent; for others it could be much higher.

"But once you get above the 5 percent range, you need to start looking at whether it will be sustainable for the rest of your life," said Daniel Lash, a CFP with VLP Financial Advisors.

"If you're spending down your savings drastically to try increasing your Social Security benefits, you're shooting yourself in the foot."-Lauren Klein, partner with Woodhill Financial

To determine a rate appropriate for you, start by looking at all retirement income and expenses. On the income side, in addition to your retirement savings, is Social Security, which can affect the amount you need from your savings.

While you can choose to receive your Social Security benefits before your full retirement age (as defined by Uncle Sam), doing so results in lower monthly payments and possibly more reliance on your savings.

Conversely, delaying Social Security beyond full retirement age results in larger checks. But, caution advisors, waiting to take Social Security to let the amount continue increasing — it tops out at age 70 — won't make sense for all retirees.

"If you're spending down your savings drastically to try increasing your Social Security benefits, you're shooting yourself in the foot," said Lauren Klein, a CFP and partner with Woodhill Financial.

The top 10 myths about 401(k) plans: What you don't know can cost you BIG time!

Depending on how your savings are invested, Klein explained, the portfolio's gains could end up being more valuable than a larger Social Security check.

If you're lucky enough to be expecting a pension — about one-fifth of private-sector employees still get them — or any other kind of constant income stream, that also should be factored into the withdrawal rate of your savings.

On the other side of the balance sheet are retirement expenses.
Advisors say that in addition to everyday costs such as groceries and utilities, retirees often embark on activities they lacked time for before, such as extended travel and hobbies that come with new costs. The need for a big-ticket item — say, a new car — also likely will crop up.

Additionally, one of the biggest variables to consider is your future health.

The pain of health costs

"The costs associated with health care are going up consistently, and it's likely to be your biggest expense," said Creedon of Crystal Brook Advisors. "Even if you're [healthy] today, you have to plan for the what-ifs."

Strategies for mitigating health-care costs might include a supplemental insurance policy and long-term care insurance. Long-term care — generally defined as services provided to people with chronic conditions that impede their ability to perform everyday tasks — can run into the thousands per month.

Advisors also caution against assuming you'll spend less in retirement.
"In general, it's difficult to not continue the same lifestyle you currently have," said Lash at VLP

Financial Advisors.

Some costs might go down — commuting costs, housing expenses if you downsize — but everything else tends to remain the same.

Also consider your legacy. If you want to leave money behind, it needs to be factored into your rate of withdrawal. Some retirees want to leave money for their children, others want to support charities, and still others couldn't care less whether they leave anything behind.

After identifying all income and expenses, you should factor in the anticipated growth rate of your investments.

For preretirees, Lash assumes up to a 7 percent rate of return. For current retirees it ranges from about 5 percent to 6 percent.

"Preretirees have a longer time horizon, so they can be more aggressive with their investments," Lash said. "They're still saving money versus pulling out money."

Another thing to keep in mind is that it is harder today to squeeze returns out of bonds, which historically have played a big role in retirees' portfolios to mitigate risk.

Stay flexible

Yields on the benchmark 10-year U.S. Treasury note are hovering around 1.5 percent, compared to the historical average of more than 6 percent. But annual yields have not hit above even 5 percent since 2006. At the same time, inflation has generally remained low. As of the end of May, it stood at 1 percent.

Of course, it's impossible to predict with certainty what will happen with inflation or interest rates - or, frankly, anything. That's why advisors emphasize the importance of being flexible with your retirement plan so you can adjust your withdrawal rate as necessary.

"It's important to review it regularly and update it as you move along," said Klein of Woodhill

Financial. "It's a document in progress that you need to stay on top of, because not everything in life goes according to plan."

- By Sarah O'Brien, special to CNBC.com

Modal Verbs

Modal verbs

• General principles
• Contractions
• Question tag phrases: "isn't it," "wasn't it," etc.
• Related topics

General principles

The auxiliary modals "would," may," "might," "should," "must," "ought to," "can," "could," "will," "shall" are invariable. They exist only in the present, and unlike most verbs in the simple present, their form does not change in the third person singular.

Modal verbs are auxiliaries, or "helping" verbs: they are used in conjunction with another verb (in infinitive form) as a way to modify its meaning. Modals can nuance the meaning of the principal verb in a number of ways:

-- Possibility or ability, by "can" or "could"

·         I can do this job.

·         Could you please do the dishes?

-- Possibility or permission by "may" or "might" (often translated in other languages by a different mood, such as the subjonctif).

·         I may finish my paper tonight.

·         You may come with us, if you wish.

·         It might be helpful to have a map.

-- Obligation, or moral obligation, by "must," "ought to," or "should":

·         Students must hand in their work on time.

·         You ought to see a doctor.

·         You should never play with fire.

Note that "must" can also indicate probability:

·         You must be exhausted!

·         He must play tennis pretty well.

The modal verb "would" is used to express the conditional:

·         If he had time, he would pick up some groceries.

The modal verb "will" expresses the future:

·         The train will arrive in an hour.

Contractions

After a pronoun subject, "would" is often contracted into "--'d" ("I'd", "we'd", "she'd", etc.), while "will" is contracted into "--'ll" ("I'll", "you'll", "they'll", etc.). After all modal verbs, the word"not" of the negative can be contracted into "--n't" ("wouldn't", "shouldn't", etc.).

Exceptions : "will not" becomes "won't". "Can not" can also be written "cannot"; in its contracted form, the "n" is not doubled: "can't".

Note: The contraction of the modal verbs "shall," "ought," and "may," is considered slightly archaic or literary.

examples of contractions:

·         I wouldn't (would not) do that, if I were you!

·         They'll (they will) never believe it!

·         She won't (will not) bother you anymore.

Question tag phrases ("isn't it," "wasn't it," etc.)

Modals can be used in a negative interrogative form after an affirmative expression. The function of such an expression is to prompt the listener to reassert or reaffirm what has been stated:

• You would like to go with us, wouldn't you?
• You can understand that, can't you?

The modal verb used in the interrogative tag is generally the same as the modal found in the main clause; the subject pronoun is also repeated.

After a negative sentence, the modal tag phrase is in the affirmative:

• You wouldn't want to try it, would you? (Je suppose que tu ne voudrais pas l'essayer.)
• She won't be back, will she?

Pronouns

PRONOUNS

Pronouns replace nouns. A different pronoun is required depending on two elements: the noun being replaced and the function that noun has in the sentence. In English, pronouns only take the gender of the noun they replace in the 3rd person singular form. The 2nd person plural pronouns are identical to the 2nd person singular pronouns except for the reflexive pronoun.

	Subject Pronoun	Object Pronoun	Possessive Adjective (Determiner)	Possessive Pronoun	Reflexive or Intensive Pronoun
1st person singular	I	me	my	mine	myself
2nd person singular	you	you	your	yours	yourself
3rd person singular, male	he	him	his	his	himself
3rd person singular, female	she	her	her	hers	herself
3rd person singular, neutral	it	it	its		itself
1st person plural	we	us	our	ours	ourselves
2nd person plural	you	you	your	yours	yourselves
3rd person plural	they	them	their	theirs	themselves

SUBJECT PRONOUNS

Subject pronouns replace nouns that are the subject of their clause. In the 3rd person, subject pronouns are often used to avoid repetition of the subject's name.

EXAMPLES

• I am 16.
• You seem lost.
• Jim is angry, and he wants Sally to apologize.
• This table is old. It needs to be repainted.
• We aren't coming.
• They don't like pancakes.

OBJECT PRONOUNS

Object pronouns are used to replace nouns that are the direct or indirect object of a clause.

EXAMPLES

• Give the book to me.
• The teacher wants to talk to you.
• Jake is hurt because Bill hit him.
• Rachid recieved a letter from her last week.
• Mark can't find it.
• Don't be angry with us.
• Tell them to hurry up!

POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES (DETERMINERS)

Possessive adjectives are not pronouns, but rather determiners. It is useful to learn them at the same time as pronouns, however, because they are similar in form to the possessive pronouns. Possessive adjectives function as adjectives, so they appear before the noun they modify. They do not replace a noun as pronouns do.

EXAMPLES

• Did mother find my shoes?
• Mrs. Baker wants to see your homework.
• Can Jake bring over his baseball cards?
• Samantha will fix her bike tomorrow.
• The cat broke its leg.
• This is our house.
• Where is their school?

POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS

Possessive pronouns replace possessive nouns as either the subject or the object of a clause. Because the noun being replaced doesn't appear in the sentence, it must be clear from the context.

EXAMPLES

• This bag is mine.
• Yours is not blue.
• That bag looks like his.
• These shoes are not hers.
• That car is ours.
• Theirs is parked in the garage.

REFLEXIVE & INTENSIVE PRONOUNS

Reflexive and intensive pronouns are the same set of words but they have different functions in a sentence.

Reflexive pronouns refer back to the subject of the clause because the subject of the action is also the direct or indirect object. Only certain types of verbs can be reflexive. You cannot remove a reflexive pronoun from a sentence because the remaining sentence would be grammatically incorrect.

EXAMPLES

• I told myself to calm down.
• You cut yourself on this nail?
• He hurt himself on the stairs.
• She found herself in a dangerous part of town.
• The cat threw itself under my car!
• We blame ourselves for the fire.
• The children can take care of themselves.

Intensive pronouns emphasize the subject of a clause. They are not the object of the action. The intensive pronoun can always be removed from a sentence without changing the meaning significantly, although the emphasis on the subject will be removed. Intensive pronouns can be placed immediately after the subject of the clause, or at the end of the clause.

EXAMPLES

• I made these cookies myself.
• You yourself asked Jake to come.
• The Pope himself pardoned Mr. Brown.
• My teacher didn't know the answer herself.
• The test itself wasn't scary, but my teacher certainly is.
• We would like to finish the renovation before Christmas ourselves.
• They themselves told me the lost shoe wasn't a problem.